Assay - определение. Что такое Assay
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Что (кто) такое Assay - определение

INVESTIGATIVE (ANALYTIC) PROCEDURE IN LABORATORY CHEMISTRY, MEDICINE, PHARMACOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Assays; Assaying; Biological assay; Biological assays; Bioassays; Biologic assay; Biologic assays; Biotesting; Biochemical assay; Biochemical assays; Assayed; Chemical assay; Chemistry assay; Functional assays; Genomic assays

assay         
(assays)
An assay is a test of a substance to find out what chemicals it contains. It is usually carried out to find out how pure a substance is. (TECHNICAL)
N-COUNT
assay         
I. n.
Trial (to determine the quality of metals, alloys, or ores), test, examination, analysis.
II. v. a.
Analyze (metallic substances), test, make an assay of.
Assay         
·noun Trial; attempt; essay.
II. Assay ·noun Tested purity or value.
III. Assay ·vi To attempt, try, or endeavor.
IV. Assay ·v To Affect.
V. Assay ·v To try tasting, as food or drink.
VI. Assay ·noun The alloy or metal to be assayed.
VII. Assay ·noun Examination and determination; test; as, an assay of bread or wine.
VIII. Assay ·noun Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried.
IX. Assay ·v To Try; to Attempt; to Apply.
X. Assay ·noun The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.
XI. Assay ·v To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to ascertain its composition.

Википедия

Assay

An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity. The measured entity is often called the analyte, the measurand, or the target of the assay. The analyte can be a drug, biochemical substance, chemical element or compound, or cell in an organism or organic sample. An assay usually aims to measure an analyte's intensive property and express it in the relevant measurement unit (e.g. molarity, density, functional activity in enzyme international units, degree of effect in comparison to a standard, etc.).

If the assay involves exogenous reactants (the reagents), then their quantities are kept fixed (or in excess) so that the quantity and quality of the target are the only limiting factors. The difference in the assay outcome is used to deduce the unknown quality or quantity of the target in question. Some assays (e.g., biochemical assays) may be similar to chemical analysis and titration. However, assays typically involve biological material or phenomena that are intrinsically more complex in composition or behavior, or both. Thus, reading of an assay may be noisy and involve greater difficulties in interpretation than an accurate chemical titration. On the other hand, older generation qualitative assays, especially bioassays, may be much more gross and less quantitative (e.g., counting death or dysfunction of an organism or cells in a population, or some descriptive change in some body part of a group of animals).

Assays have become a routine part of modern medical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and forensic technology. Other businesses may also employ them at the industrial, curbside, or field levels. Assays in high commercial demand have been well investigated in research and development sectors of professional industries. They have also undergone generations of development and sophistication. In some cases, they are protected by intellectual property regulations such as patents granted for inventions. Such industrial-scale assays are often performed in well-equipped laboratories and with automated organization of the procedure, from ordering an assay to pre-analytic sample processing (sample collection, necessary manipulations e.g. spinning for separation, aliquoting if necessary, storage, retrieval, pipetting, aspiration, etc.). Analytes are generally tested in high-throughput autoanalyzers, and the results are verified and automatically returned to ordering service providers and end-users. These are made possible through the use of an advanced laboratory informatics system that interfaces with multiple computer terminals with end-users, central servers, the physical autoanalyzer instruments, and other automata.

Примеры употребления для Assay
1. ELISA stands for enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay.
2. An analysis of his conduct and an assay of the fine nuances of his speech reveal a different story.
3. An initial test, called an ELISA assay, screens for antibodies against the virus.
4. In "To: An Assay," she asserts: When I speak as here, in the second person, you are quietly present.
5. In the laboratory he developed the novel immunoradiometric assay using radioactively labelled antibodies to measure insulin and other polypeptide hormones even more sensitively and specifically.